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Eco 238 Reading List

Required Book

  • Stroup, Richard L. (2003), Economics: What Everyone Should Know About Economics and the Environment, Cato Institute. $9.95

Supplemental Books and Manuscripts

  • Meiners, Roger E. and Bruce Yandle, eds. (1993). Taking the Environment Seriously, Rowman and Littlefield.
  • Tietenberg, Tom (2006). Environmental and Natural Resource Economics, 7th Edition, Addison-Wesley. The text’s website is here. You can find inexpensive used copies here or here.
  • Friedman, David D. (2000). Law’s Order: What Economics Has to Do With Law and Why it Matters, Princeton University Press.
  • Property Rights: The Essential Ingredient for Liberty and Progress, American Institute for Economic Research, Great Barrington, MA: 2004.
  • Simon, Julian (1996). The Ultimate Resource II: People, Materials and the Environment. The entire volume is available free, but without the important charts.
  • Roger E. Meiners and Andrew P. Morriss, eds. (2000). Common Law and the Environment. Roman and Littlefield.
  • Cowen, Tyler ed. (1988). The Theory of Market Failure: A Critical Examination. George Mason University Press.

For Further Reading, particularly those interested in policy:

  • Richard J. Lazarus, The Making of Environmental Policy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004).
  • James Salzman and Barton H. Thompson, Environmental Law and Policy (New York: Foundation Press, 2003).
  • Cass R. Sunstein, Risk and Reason: Safety, Law, and the Environment (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002).


I. Introduction: How Economists Think About the Environment

  1. * Chapter 1 in Eco-nomics. “Scarcity, An Economics Primer.”
  2. * Fullerton, Don and Robert S. Stavins. (1998). “How Economists See the Environment.” Nature 395. Available online.
  3. Smith, Fred. “The Market and Nature.” Centre for Civil Society, Liberty & Society Seminar. Available online in the Freeman, September 1993.
  4. Nelson, Robert H. (1993). “How Much is Enough? An Overview of the Benefits and Costs of Environmental Protection,” in Meiners and Yandle, eds., Taking the Environment Seriously, Rowman and Littlefield.
  5. Orr, David W. (2005). “Armageddon Versus Extinction,” Conservation Biology April: 290-292.

II.  A Review of the Economic Approach I: Supply, Demand, and Equilibrium

  1. * Schenk, Robert. “The Model of Supply and Demand.” In CyberEconomics, a complete, online textbook for introductory economics.
  2. * Or from your principles textbook, review the chapter(s) on Supply and Demand, as well as (if not in the same chapter) the chapter on consumers, producers and efficiency. For example, in Mankiw’s Principles text this includes Chapter 4 and Chapter 7.
  3. Chapter 1 in Friedman, David D. (2000). Law’s Order: What Economics Has to Do With Law and Why it Matters, Princeton University Press. “What Does Economics Have to Do with Law?”

 III.  A Review of the Economic Approach II: Institutions, Welfare Economics and Efficiency

  1. * Hayek, Friedrich August, “The Use of Knowledge in Society,” American Economic Review, XXXV, No. 4; September, 1945, pp. 519-30. Available online.
  2. * Adler, Jonathan. “Faux Market Environmentalism,” Regulation 23 (1): 64-67. Available online.
  3. Tietenberg, Chapter 2.
  4. Law’s Order Chapter 2 (Efficiency and All That)
  5. Landsburg, Steven (2008). Price Theory and Applications, 7th Edition, “Chapter 8: Welfare Economics and the Gains from Trade.” Southwestern-Cengage Learning.
  6. Mäler, Karl-Göran. (1985). “Welfare Economics and the Environment.” Chapter 1 in Allen V. Kneese and James L. Sweeney, eds, Handbook of Natural Resource and Energy Economics. Available online from ScienceDirect.

IV.  Property Rights and the Environment

  1. * Chapter 2 in Eco-nomics. “Rights: How Property Rights and Markets Replace Conflict with Cooperation.”
  2. * Stroup, Richard, (2004). “Property Rights, Natural Resources and the Environment,” in Property Rights: The Essential Ingredient for Liberty and Progress, American Institute for Economic Research.
  3. * Alchian, Armen A. “Property Rights,” The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. Available online.
  4. * Demsetz, Harold “Toward a Theory of Property Rights,” American Economic Review 57, 2, p. 347-359, 1967. Available at JSTOR.
  5. Tietenberg, Chapter 4.
  6. Bethell, Tom, (2004). “Private Property and Human Nature,” in Property Rights: The Essential Ingredient for Liberty and Progress, American Institute for Economic Research.
  7. Shaw, Jane S. “Business and the Environment: Is There More to the Story?” Business Economics, January 2005. Available online at the Property and Environment Research Center.
  8. Morriss, Andrew, (2007). “Miners, Vigilantes, and Cattlemen: Property Rights on the Western Frontier,” The Freeman 57(3), April 2007. Available online.

Common Law

  1. Chapter 19 in Law’s Order. “Is the Common Law Efficient?”
  2. Posner, Richard, (2004). “The Importance of Property Rights in the Common Law Tradition,” in Property Rights: The Essential Ingredient for Liberty and Progress, American Institute for Economic Research.
  3. Meiners, Roger and Bruce Yandle, (1998). “The Common Law: How it Protects the Environment,” PERC Policy Series #13. Available online.

V.  Ethics and Environmental Economics

  1. * Power, Thomas Michael, and Paul Rauber. (1993). “The Price of Everything.” Sierra. 78(6): 86-96. November. Available online.
  2. * Schulze, William and Allen Kneese, (1985). “Ethics and Environmental Economics.” Chapter 5 in Allen V. Kneese and James L. Sweeney, eds, Handbook of Natural Resource and Energy Economics. Available online from ScienceDirect.
  3. * Sagoff, Mark. (1992). “Free-Market Versus Libertarian Environmentalism.” Critical Review 6 (Spring-Summer): 211-30.
  4. Heyne, Paul. (1993). “Economics, Ethics and Ecology,” in Meiners and Yandle, eds., Taking the Environment Seriously, Rowman and Littlefield.
  5. Sirico, Reverend Robert, ed. (2007). Environmental Stewardship in the Judeo-Christian Tradition: Jewish, Catholic, and Protestant Wisdom on the Environment. Most available online here. The Cornwall Declaration on Environmental Stewardship is here.
  6. Tietenberg, Chapter 21. “Environmental Justice.”

VI. Are We Running Out of Resources? Past, Present and Future Visions of Resource Use and Sustainability

  1. * Solow, Robert M. “Sustainability: An economist’s perspective.” The Eighteenth J. Seward Johnson Lecture to the Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, in Dorfman, Robert and Dorfman, Nancy S. (Eds.). Economics of the Environment: Selected Readings. New York: Norton. 179-187 (1991). PDF available on Blackboard site and in library.
  2. * Diamond, Jared. (2005). Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. Chapter 1: Under Montana’s Big Sky.
  3. Ehrlich, Paul. (1974). The Population Bomb. Sierra Club.
  4. * Malthus, Thomas Robert. (1826) An Essay on the Principle of Population, or a View of its Past and Present Effects on Human Happiness; with an Inquiry into our Prospects respecting the Future Removal or Mitigation of the Evils which it Occasions (London: John Murray 1826). 6th ed. 2 vols. Available online. Peruse Book 1, Chapter 1 through 3.
  5. * Bailey, Ronald. “The Progress Explosion: Permanently Escaping the Malthusian Trap,” in Earth Report 2000: Revisiting the True State of the Planet, Ronald Bailey, ed.. Competitive Enterprise Institute. Available online.
  6. * Ausubel, Jesse H., David G. Victor, and Iddo K. Wernick. “The Environment Since 1970,” Consequences: The Nature and Implications of Environmental Change 1(3):2-15, 1995. Available online.
  7. * Simon, Julian (1996). The Ultimate Resource II: People, Materials and the Environment. The entire volume is available free, but without the important charts. I’d like you to read the Introduction: What are the Real Problems? And to also read Chapter 1: The Amazing Theory of Raw-Material Scarcity. Chapter 2: Why are Material Technical Forecasts So Often Wrong? And Chapter 3: Can the Supply of Natural Resources – Especially Energy – Really be Infinite?
  8. * Simon, Julian. “Resources, Environment and Population Growth.” Available online.
  9. Herman, Robert, Siamak A. Ardekani, and Jesse H. Ausubel. “Dematerialization,” in Technology and Environment, J.H. Ausubel and H.E. Sladovich, eds., pp. 50-69. National Academy Press. Available online.
  10. Index of Leading Environmental Indicators. Pacific Research Institute.
  11. Bernstam, Mikhail S. (1990). “The Wealth of Nations and the Environment,” Population and Development Review, Vol. 16, Supplement: Resources, Environment, and Population: Present Knowledge, Future Options (1990), pp. 333-373. Available online.
  12. Simon, Julian. Scarcity or Abundance, A Debate on the Environment. Preface and Introductory Chapter. Entire book is available free online.
  13. Simon, Julian L., Guenter Weinrauch, and Stephen Moore. “The Reserves of Extracted Resources – The Historical Data.” Available online.
  14. Waggoner, P. E. and J. H. Ausubel. “A framework for sustainability science: A renovated IPAT identity,” Proceedings in the National Academy of Science. June 11, 2002 vol. 99 no. 12 Available online.
  15. Victor, Nadejda M.and Jesse H. Ausubel. “Earth at Night: If the Rest of the World Lived Like America,” Electronic Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol 1 Issue 1. Available online.

VII.   The Theory of Environmental Economics I: Externalities and Market Imperfections/Failures

  1. * Hardin, Garrett. (1968) “The Tragedy of the Commons.” Science 162: 1243-48. Available online.
  2. * Hardin, Garrett. (1974) “The Tragedy of the Commons,” Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. Available online.
  3. * Coase, Ronald. “The Problem of Social Cost,” Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 3, (Oct., 1960), pp. 1-44. Available online.
  4. * Gordon, H. Scott. (1954). “The Economic Theory of a Common Property Resource: The Fishery.” Journal of Political Economy 62 (April): 124-42. Available online.
  5. Play the bunny game, but not too well!
  6. Law’s Order, Chapter 3: What’s Wrong with the World, Part I?”
  7. Gordon, H. Scott. (1958). “Economics and the Conservation Question.” Journal of Law and Economics 1: 110-21. Available online.
  8. Anderson, Terry L., and Peter J. Hill. (1996). “Appropriable Rents from Yellowstone Park: A Case of Incomplete Contracting.” Economic Inquiry 34(3): 506-19. Available online.
  9. Christainsen, Gregory B., and Brian C. Gothberg. 2001. “The Potential of High Technology for Establishing Tradable Rights to Whales.” In The Technology of Property Rights, ed. Terry L. Anderson and Peter J. Hill. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 101-21.
  10. Tietenberg, Chapter 4.

The Anti-Commons

  1. * Heller, M. A. (1998). “The Tragedy of the Anticommons” Harvard Law Review, January 1998. Available online.
  2. Art Carden illustrates the Anti-Commons problem. 
  3. Heller, M. A. and Eisenberg, R (1998).”Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in Biomedical Research,” Science 280, 53-64 Available online.
  4. The anti-commons – in practice.

VIII.  The Theory of Environmental Economics II: Regulation – Coase

  1. * Government Accountability Office (GAO), 21st Century Challenges: Reexamining the Base of the Federal Government, “Natural Resources, Energy, and the Environment Challenges for the 21st Century,” pp. 48-53. Available at Government Accountability web site.
  2. * Stewart, Richard B. (2001). “A New Generation of Environmental Regulation?” Capital University Law Review (2001): 21-182. Available online.
  3. Ayres, Robert U. and Allen V. Kneese (1969). “Production, Consumption, and Externalities,” The American Economic Review, Vol. 59, No. 3: 282-297. Available online.
  4. Cole, Daniel H. (1999). “Clearing the Air: Four Propositions about Property Rights and Environmental Protection,” Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum 10(1):103-30. Available online.
  5. Law’s Order Chapter 4 (What’s Wrong with the World, Part 2) and Chapter 5 (Defining and Enforcing Rights: Property, Liability and Spaghetti).

Pollution Taxes v. Coase in Long Run

  1. * Schulze, William and Ralph C. D’Arge, (1974), “Coase Proposition, Information Constraints, and Long-Run Equilibrium,” American Economic Review 64 (4): 763-772. Available online.

IX.  The Theory of Environmental Economics III: Regulation – Standards and Marketable Permits

  1. * Sandel, Michael J. “It’s Immoral to Buy the Right to Pollute (with replies) New York Times, Dec. 15, 1997, p. A29. Available online.
  2. * Stavins, Robert N. (1998).”What Can We Learn from the Grand Policy Experiment? Lessons from SO2 Allowance Trading,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 12(3): 69-88. Available online.
  3. Tietenberg , Thomas H. (1980). “Transferable Discharge Permits and the Control of Stationary Source Air Pollution: A Survey and Synthesis,” Land Economics, Vol. 56, No. 4: 391-416. Available online.
  4. Schoenbrod, David, (1997). “Why States, Not EPA, Should Set Pollution Standards,” in Environmental Federalism, ed. Terry L. Anderson and Peter J. Hill. Rowman & Littlefield, 259-70.
  5. Water Quality Trading. Environmental Protection Agency.
  6. Stroup, Richard, and Jane Shaw, (1993). “Environmental Harms from Federal Government Policy,” in Roger E. Meiners and Bruce Yandle, eds., Taking the Environment Seriously, Rowman and Littlefield.

X.  Political Economy of Government Regulation: Government Failure and Public Choice

  1. * Eco-nomics, Chapter 3.
  2. * Yandle, Bruce, (1999). “Bootleggers and Baptists in Retrospect,” Regulation. 22(3). Available online.
  3. * Roberts, Paul, (1999). “The Sweet Hereafter: Florida’s Everglades Endangered by Sugar Industry,” Harper’s Magazine, November. Available online.
  4. * Adler, Jonathan (1996). “Rent Seeking Behind the Green Curtain,” Regulation 19 (4). Available online.
  5. Yandle, Bruce, (2000). “Public Choice and the Environment: From the Frying Pan to the Fire,” In Political Environmentalism, ed. Terry L. Anderson. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 31-59. Available online.
  6. Leman, Christopher K and Robert H Nelson, (1981). “Ten Commandments for Policy Economists,” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management Fall 1981. Available online.
  7. Brown, Matthew, (2002). “Banking on Disaster: The World Bank and Environmental Destruction.” In Government vs. Environment, ed. Donald R. Leal and Roger E. Meiners. Rowman & Littlefield.
  8. Adler, Jonathan, (1993). “Making the Polluter Pay,” The Freeman 43 (9). Available online.
  9. Baden, John and Richard Stroup, (1981). Bureaucracy vs. the Environment: The Environmental Costs of Bureaucratic Government. University of Michigan Press.

XI.  Is There a Third Way?

  1. * Getz, Wayne M., Louise Fortmann, David Cumming, Johan du Toit, Jodi Hilty, Rowan Martin, Michael Murphree, Norman Owen-Smith, Anthony M. Starfield, and Michael I. Westphal, (1999). “Sustaining Natural and Human Capital: Villagers and Scientists.” Science 283 (5409): 1855 Available online.
  2. Leal, Donald R., (1996). “Community-Run Fisheries: Avoiding The Tragedy of the Commons,” PERC Policy Series, PS-7. Available online.
  3. Anderson, Terry L., and Donald R. Leal, (1997). “Community Spirit,” in Enviro-Capitalists: Doing Good While Doing Well. Rowman & Littlefield, 149-65.
  4. Ostrom, Elinor, (1990). Chapter 1 in Governing the Commons. Cambridge University Press.

XII.  Concepts and Measures of Value

  1. * Arrow, Kenneth J. et al. “Is There a Role for Benefit-Cost Analysis in Environmental, Health, and Safety Regulation?” Science 272 (April 12, 1996): 221-222. Available online.
  2. * Palmer, Karen, Wallace E. Oates and Paul R. Portney. (1995) “Tightening Environmental Standards: The Benefit-Cost or the No-Cost Paradigm?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 9 (Fall 1995): 119-132. Available online.
  3. * Discount rates. From the environmental economics blog.
  4. * Benefit-cost overview. From the environmental economics blog.
  5. * “Fighting the Full-Court Press,” Daily Grist.

Value of a Statistical Life: Wages and Job Risks

  1. * Viscusi , W. Kip, (1993). “The Value of Risks to Life and Health,” Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 31, No. 4:1912-1946. Available online.
  2. * Sebastian Mallaby, (2001). “Saving Statistical Lives,” Washington  Post (March 5, 2001), p. A19. Available online.
  3. * When is a Life Too Costly to Save? Available online.
  4. * America’s Most Dangerous Jobs.
  5. Viscusi, W. Kip, (2000) “The Value of Life in Legal Contexts: Survey and Critique” American Law and Economics Review 2 (2000): 195-222. Available online.
  6. Benjamin, Daniel K., (1993). “Risky Business: Rational Ignorance in Assessing Environmental Hazards,” in Roger E. Meiners and Bruce Yandle, eds. (1993). Taking the Environment Seriously, Rowman and Littlefield.
  7. Law’s Order, Chapter 9: As Much as Your Life is Worth.

Value of a Statistical Life: Property Values and Air Pollution

  1. Brookshire, David S., Mark A. Thayer, William D. Schulze and Ralph C. d’Arge (1982). “Valuing Public Goods: A Comparison of Survey and Hedonic Approaches,” The American Economic Review, Vol. 72, No. 1: 165-177. Available online.

Contingent Valuation

  1. * Portney, Paul R. (1994) “The Contingent Valuation Debate: Why Economists Should Care,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 8 (Fall 1994): 3-17. Available online.
  2. * Hanemann, W. Michael. (1994) “Valuing the Environment through Contingent Valuation,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 8: 19-43. Available online.
  3. Diamond, Peter A. and Jerry A. Hausman. (1994) “Contingent Valuation: Is Some Number Better than No Number?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 8: 45-64. Available online.
  4. Randall, Alan, Berry Ives and Clyde Eastman (1974). “Bidding Games for Valuation of Aesthetic Environmental Improvements,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 1 (2): 132-149. Available online.
  5. Brown, Thomas C. and Robin Gregory, (1999). “Why the WTA-WTP Disparity Matters,” Ecological Economics 28: 323-335. Available online.

Travel Costs and the Value of Recreation, Direct Costing

  1. * Fix, Peter and John Loomis, (1997) “The Economic Benefits Of Mountain Biking At One Of Its Meccas: An Application of the Travel Cost Method to Mountain Biking in Moab, Utah,” Journal of Leisure Research, Third Quarter. Available online.
  2. Clawson, Marion (1958). “Methods of Measuring the Demand for and Value of Outdoor Recreation,” in Statistics on Outdoor Recreation. Resources for the Future.
  3. Clawson, M. & Knetsch, J. (1966). Economics of Outdoor Recreation. Baltimore, Md.: John Hopkins University Press.

XIII.  Natural Resources

Non-renewable Resources

  1. * Hotelling at Last. Environmental Economics Blog.
  2. * Hotelling’s Rule, Futures and Options. Environmental Economics Blog.
  3. * Simon, Julian. “Hotelling’s Law: Is it Useful or Wasteful?” Available online.
  4. Tietenberg, Chapter 8
  5. Simon, Julian, (1996). “When Will we Run Out of Oil? Chapter 11 in the Ultimate Resource.
  6. Tietenberg, Chapter 9

Renewable Resources – Fisheries

  1. * Fujita, Rodney M., D. Douglas Hopkins, and W. R. Zach Willey, (1996). “Creating Incentives to Curb Overfishing,” Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy 11(2): 29-35. Available online.
  2. * Czech, Brian and Phil Pister. “Economic Growth, Fish Conservation and the American Fisheries Society,” Fisheries 30 (1). Available online.
  3. Gordon, H. Scott, (1954). “The Economic Theory of a Common-Property Resource: The Fishery,” Journal of Political Economy 62 (2). Available online.
  4. De Alessi, Michael, (1998). “Fishing for Solutions,” IEA Studies on the Environment #11. Institute of Economic Affairs. Available online.
  5. Libecap, Gary D. (1989). “Contracting in Fisheries,” Contracting for Property Rights. Cambridge University Press, 73-86.
  6. Anderson, Terry L. and Donald R. Leal, (1993). “Fishing for Property Rights to Fish,” in Roger E. Meiners and Bruce Yandle, eds. (1993). Taking the Environment Seriously, Rowman and Littlefield.
  7. Tietenberg, Chapter 11.
  8. Tietenberg, Chapter 13.

Renewable Resources – Water and Forests (and Rangeland)

  1. Tietenberg, Chapter 10 and 12.
  2. * Willey, Zach. (1992). “Behind Schedule and Over Budget: The Case of Markets, Water, and Environment,” Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy 15(2): 391-425. Available online.
  3. * Fairfax, Sally K., (2005). “When An Agency Outlasts Its Time: A Reflection,” Journal of Forestry (July/August 2005), pp. 264-266. Available online.
  4. * Victor, David and Jesse Ausubel, (2000). “Restoring the Forests,” Foreign Affairs (November/December 2000, Vol 79, Number 6, pp. 127-144. Available online.
  5. Abbey, Edward, (1986). “Even the Bad Guys Wear White Hats: Cowboys, Ranchers and the Ruin of the West,” Harpers (January 1986), pp. 51-55.
  6. Anderson, Terry L. (1995). “Water Options for the Blue Planet,” in True State of the Planet, ed. Ronald Bailey. Free Press, 267-94.
  7. Wernick, Iddo K., Paul E. Waggoner, and Jesse H. Ausubel, (2000). “The Forester’s Lever – Industrial Ecology and Wood Products ,” Journal of Forestry 98(10): 8-13,. Published by the Society of American Foresters. Available online.
  8. Glennon, Robert, (2005). “Water Scarcity, Marketing and Privatization,” Texas Law Review 83 (7). Available online.

XIV.  Applications

Superfund

  1. * Sunstein, Cass R. (2002). Risk and Reason: Safety, Law, and the Environment (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002). pp. 99-190.
  2. * Stroup, Richard L. (2001). “Superfund vs. Environmental Progress: Explaining a Disaster,” Institute for Research on the Economics of Taxation Studies in Social Cost, Regulation, and the Environment: No. 7. Available online.
  3. McClelland, Gary, William Schulze and Brian Hurd (1990). “Effect of Risk Beliefs on Property Values,” Risk Analysis 10(4): 485-497.
  4. Dalton, Brett, (1993). “Superfund: The South Carolina Experience,” in Roger E. Meiners and Bruce Yandle, eds. (1993). Taking the Environment Seriously, Rowman and Littlefield.
  5. Epstein, Richard, (1982). “The Principles of Environmental Protection: The Case of Superfund,” Cato Journal 2(1): 1-34. Available online.

Garbage, Recycling and Pollution

  1. * White, Josh and Maria Glod, (1999). “Cost of Replacing Underground Tanks Sinks Some Gas Stations,” Washington Post (January 4, 1999), p. B1. Available online. via Lexis Nexis. (RCRA and TSCA)
  2. * Scarlett, Lynn and Peter L. Grogan, (1992). “Will the U.S. Recycling Approach Work?” EPA Journal Vol. 18, Iss. 3; p. 42-46. Available online.
  3. * Weddle, Bruce and Edward Klein, (1989). “A Strategy to Control the Garbage Glut,” EPA Journal Vol. 15, Iss. 2; p. 30-32. Available online.
  4. * Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste. Educational Resources. Poke around their website for facts, figures and information.
  5. * Simon, Julian (1998). “The Positive Worth of Waste: A Reply to Daniel W. Bromley.” Available online.
  6. Tietenberg, Chapter 20 (Toxic Substances)
  7. Lehrburger, Carl, Jocelyn Mullen and C.V. Jones, (1991). Diapers: Environmental Impacts and Lifecycle Analysis. National Association of Diaper Services.
  8. Benjamin, Daniel K. (2003). “Eight Great Myths of Recycling,” PERC Policy Series, PS-28. Available online.
  9. Boerner, Christopher, and Kenneth Chilton. (1994). “False Economy: The Folly of Demand-Side Recycling,” Environment 36(1): 6-18. Available online.
  10. Bate, Roger. (2000). “Protecting English and Welsh Rivers: The Role of the Anglers’ Conservation Association,”.in The Common Law and the Environment, ed. Roger E. Meiners and Andrew P. Morriss. Rowman & Littlefield: 86-106.

Global Climate Change and Global Issues

  1. * Rizzo, Michael, (2008). “Are We Frogs in a Pot?” in Global Warming Debate, The: Science, Economics, and Policy, American Institute for Economic Research. Available online.
  2. * Nordhaus, William D. (1993) “Reflections on the Economics of Climate Change,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 7: 11-25. Available online.
  3. * Nordhaus, William D. (1990). “Greenhouse Economics: Look Before You Leap,” Economist, July 7, 1990. Available online.
  4. * McKibbin, Warwick J. and Peter J. Wilcoxen. “The Role of Economics in Climate Change Policy” Journal of Economic Perspectives 16 (2002): 107-129. Available online.
  5. * Schelling, Thomas C. (1997). “The Cost of Combating Global Warming: Facing the Tradeoffs,” Foreign Affairs 76 (Nov./Dec.): 8-14. Available online.
  6. Ausubel, Jesse, (1999). “Five Worthy Ways To Spend Large Amounts of Money for Research on Environment and Resources,” The Bridge 29(3):4-16. Available online.
  7. Goklany, Indur (2000). “Richer is More Resilient,” in Earth Report 2000: Revisiting the True State of the Planet, Ronald Bailey, ed.. Competitive Enterprise Institute. Available online.
  8. Stavins, Robert N. (1998). “What Can We Learn from the Grand Policy Experiment? Lessons from SO2 Allowance Trading,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 12(3): 69-88. Available online.
  9. d’Arge, Ralph C., William D. Schulze and David S. Brookshire, (1982). “Carbon Dioxide and Intergenerational Choice,” American Economic Review, Vol. 72, No. 2: 251-256. Available online.
  10. The Wedge Game

Global Governance

  1. * Aron, William, William Burke, and Milton Freeman. (1999). “Flouting the Convention.” The Atlantic Monthly, May, 22-29. Available online.
  2. * Yandle, Bruce, (1998). “Bootleggers, Baptists and Global Warming.” PERC Policy Series, PS-14. Available online.
  3. Ausubel, Jesse, (1998). “International Conflicts over Environment: Scientist’s Roles and Opportunities,” in Scientific Cooperation, State Conflict: The Role of Scientists in Mitigating International Discord, A. L. de Cerreno and A. Keynan, eds, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (866): 253-258. Available online.
  4. Anderson, Terry L., and J. Bishop Grewell. (2000). “The Greening of Foreign Policy,” PERC Policy Series, PS-20. Available online.
  5. Copenhagen Consensus 2008.

Energy Policy and the Environment

  1. * Ausubel, Jesse, (2007). “Renewable and Nuclear Heresies,” Int. J. Nuclear Governance, Economy and Ecology, Vol. 1, No. 3, 2007. Available online.
  2. * Diamond, Jared, (1999). “Paradise and Oil,” Discover, March, 94-102. Available online.
  3. * Taylor, Jerry, and Peter VanDoren. (2000). “Soft Energy Versus Hard Facts: Powering the Twenty-First Century,” in Earth Report 2000, Ed. Ronald Bailey. McGraw-Hill, 115-54. Available online.
  4. Libecap, Gary D. (1989). “Contracting for the Unitization of Oil Fields,” in Contracting for Property Rights. Cambridge University Press, 93-114.
  5. Baden, John, and Richard Stroup. (1981). “Saving the Wilderness: A Radical Proposal,” Reason 13 (July): 28-36.
  6. Rauch, Jonathan, (2001). “The New Old Economy: Oil, Computers, and the Reinvention of the Earth,” Atlantic Monthly, January, 35-49. Available online.

Recreation and Wildlife Management

  1. * Gardner, B. Delworth. (1997). “The Political Economy of Public Land Use,” Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 22: 12-29. Available online.
  2. * Fretwell, Holly Lippke, (1998).” Public Lands: The Price We Pay. Public Lands I,” PERC. Available online.
  3. * Grewell, J. Bishop, (1999). “International Paper’s Wildlife and Recreation Program,” Stanford University Case Study BP-269. Stanford University Graduate School of Business, December. A bit on Tom Bourland is here.
  4. * Defenders of Wildlife, (2003). “Sabotaging the Endangered Species Act,” (Washington, DC, December 2003), pp. 1-38. Available online.
  5. * Stroup, Richard L. (1995). “The Endangered Species Act: Making Innocent Species the Enemy,” PERC Policy Series. Available online.
  6. Turner, John F. and Jason C. Rylander, (1998). “The Private Lands Challenge: Integrating Biodiversity Conservation and Private Property,” in Jason F. Shogren, ed., Private Property and the Endangered Species Act: Savings Habitats, Protecting Homes (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1998), pp. 92-133.
  7. Brown Jr., Gardner M. and Jason F. Shogren, (1998). “Economics of the Endangered Species Act,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 12, No. 3: 3-20. Available online.
  8. Stroup, Richard L. (2007). “Not Like Chess Pieces: How Individuals Respond to the Endangered Species Act,” AIER Research Reports, November.
  9. Innes, Robert, Stephen Polasky and John Tschirhart, (1998). “Takings, Compensation and Endangered Species Protection on Private Lands,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 12, No. 3: 35-52. Available online.
  10. Smith, Robert J., (1981). “Resolving the Tragedy of the Commons by Creating Private Property Rights in Wildlife,” Cato Journal 1(2): 439-468. Available online.
  11. Metrick, Andrew and Martin L. Weitzman, (1998). “Conflicts and Choices in Biodiversity Preservation,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 12, No. 3: 21-34. Available online.
  12. Sugg, Ike C. and Urs P. Kreuter, (1994). Elephants & Ivory: Lessons from the Trade Ban. Institute for Economic Affairs.
  13. James, Stephanie Presber, (2001). “An Institutional Approach to Protected Area Management Performance,” in The Politics and Economics of Park Management, ed. Terry L. Anderson and Alexander James. Rowman & Littlefield, 1-27.

Air Pollution

  1. * “The Rise and Fall of Transportation Controls,” in R. Shep Melnick, Regulation and the Courts: The Case of the Clean Air Act (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1983), Ch. 9, pp. 299-342. The Clean Air Act
  2. * Aulisi, Andrew, Alexander E. Farrell, Jonathan Pershing, Stacy Vandeveer, (2005). “Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading in U.S. States: Observations and Lessons from the OTC NOx Program,” World Resources Institute (2005), pp. 1-19. Available online. More efficient regulation.
  3. Ruff, Larry E., (1970). “The Economic Common Sense of Pollution,” The Public Interest, 19, 69-85.
  4. Goklany, Indur M. (2000). “Empirical Evidence Regarding the Role of Nationalization in Improving U.S. Air Quality,” in Common Law and the Environment, ed. Roger E. Meiners and Andrew P. Morriss. Roman and Littlefield, 27-53.
  5. Tietenberg, Chapter 15, 16, 17 and 18.
  6. Seskin, Eugene P., Robert J. Anderson Jr. and Robert O. Reid, (1983). “An Empirical Analysis of Economic Strategies for Controlling Air Pollution,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 10, 112-124. Available online.
  7. Hahn, Robert W. (1989). “Economic Prescriptions for Environmental Problems: How the Patient Followed the Doctor’s Orders,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 3(2): 95-114. Available online.
  8. Riggs, David W., (1993). “Acid Rain and the Clean Air Act: Lessons in Damage Control,” in Roger E. Meiners and Bruce Yandle, eds. (1993). Taking the Environment Seriously, Rowman and Littlefield.
  9. Rothbard, Murray, (1982). “Law, Property Rights and Air Pollution,” Cato Journal 2(1): 55-99. Available online.

Water

  1. * Environmental Protection Agency, (2000). “A Retrospective Assessment of the Costs of the Clean Water Act, 1972 to 1997,” Washington, DC, October 2000, “Executive Summary,” pp. ES-1 to ES -6. Available on web at EPA site. Clean Water Act
  2. * Boyd, James, (2003). “Water Pollution Taxes: A Good Idea Doomed to Failure?” Discussion Paper 03-20, Resources for the Future, May 2003: 4-13. Available online. Rethinking the Clean Water Act.
  3. Tietenberg, Chapter 19.
  4. Harrington, Winston, (2003). “Regulating Industrial Water Pollution in the United States,” Discussion Paper 03-03: Resources for the Future, 2003): 1-30. Available online.
  5. Harrington, Winston, Alan J. Krupnick and Walter O. Spofford, Jr. (1989). “The Economic Losses of a Water-borne Disease Outbreak,” Journal of Urban Economics 25: 116-137.
  6. Meiners, Roger E. and Bruce Yandle, (1993). “Acid Rain and the Clean Air Act: Lessons in Damage Control,” in Roger E. Meiners and Bruce Yandle, eds. (1993). Taking the Environment Seriously, Rowman and Littlefield.
  7. Ervin, David E. et al, (1998). “Agriculture and the Environment: A New Strategic Vision,” Environment (July/August 1998): 9-15, 35-39. Available online. Clean Water Act
  8. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Quality Trading.

Preservation and Land Use

  1. * Gardner, B. Delworth. (1997). “The Political Economy of Public Land Use,” Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 22: 12-29. Available online.
  2. * Nash, Roderick, (1973). Wilderness and the American Mind (Yale University Press, 1973), pp. 220-236.
  3. * Watkins, T.H. (1998). “One Man’s Recreation is Another’s Desecration,” Washington Post (December 13, 1998), Outlook Section, p. C1. Available online.
  4. Godfrey, E. Bruce, (2004). “Property Rights and Public Land Management: What Have We Learned in the 200 Years Since Lewis and Clark,” in Property Rights: The Essential Ingredient for Liberty and Progress, American Institute for Economic Research.
  5. Tietenberg, Chapter 11. Available online.
  6. Cronon , William, (1996). “Getting Back to the Wrong Nature,” Utne Reader, May-June 1996, pp. 76-79.
  7. Anderson, Terry L., Vernon L. Smith, and Emily Simmons, (1999). “How and Why to Privatize the Federal Lands,” Cato Policy Analysis, No 363. Available online.

XV.  Conclusion

  1. * Chapter 4 in Eco-nomics (A Review)

Practical Applications – Using Economics to Understand and Improve Environmental Management

  1. * Fretwell, Holly Lippke, (1999). “Paying to Play: The Fee Demonstration Program,” PERC Policy Series, PS-17. Available online.
  2. Grewell, J. Bishop, and Clint Peck, (1999). “Greenbacks for Bucks,” Montana Farmer-Stockman, December

Visions of the Future

  1. * Bailey, Ronald, (1999). “Precautionary Tale,” Reason 30 (11): 36-42. Available online.
  2. Tietenberg, Chapter 24.

Environmentalism versus Environmental Economics

  1. * Olson, Mancur, (1982). “Environmental Indivisibilities and Information Costs: Fanaticism, Agnosticism, and Intellectual Progress,” American Economic Review, Vol. 72, No. 2: 262-266. Available online.
  2. * Nelson, Robert, (2008). “Global Warming and Religion: Climate Policy as Applied Theology” in Global Warming Debate, The: Science, Economics, and Policy, American Institute for Economic Research.
  3. * Nelson, Robert H. (1993). “Environmental Calvinism: The Judeo-Christian Roots of Eco-Theology,” in Meiners and Yandle, eds., Taking the Environment Seriously, Rowman and Littlefield. Available online.
  4. Simon, Julian, (1996). “Conclusion – Is Our Age Different from Ages that Have Gone Before?” Conclusion of the Ultimate Resource.
  5. Bandow, Doug, (1993). “Environmentalism: The Triumph of Politics,” The Freeman 43(9). Available online.
  6. Nelson, Robert, (2004). “Environmental Religion: A Theological Critique,” Case Western Reserve Law Review Vol. 55, Num.1. Available online.
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